As a continuous bulk material conveyor belt transport machinery has been widely used in terminals, power plants, metallurgy, food and other industries. And applied loading, bucket wheel stacker reclaimer and other bulk material handling machinery. In the purchase, design, manufacture, installation and use of such equipment for its new users are not very understanding. This article is based on years of practice, from the user point of view, analysis and description of the reasons for common failures of such equipment and treatment methods.1. Belt conveyor belt conveyor belt deviation of the run-time processing belt deviation is the most common failure. Failure to address these priorities in mind that the dimensional accuracy and the installation routine maintenance. Deviation due to a combination, to be based on different treatment for different reasons.1.1 adjusted carrying idlers of belt conveyor belt conveyor in the middle of the deviation can adjust the position of rollers to adjust the deviation group; in the manufacture idlers are processed on both sides of the mounting holes grow holes for adjustments . Specific adjustment method shown in Figure 1 which specific method is biased side of the belt, idlers which side of the forward direction toward the belt moved forward or backward the other side. Figure 1 shows the direction of deviation of the belt roller up the next group should be located to the left, the upper roller group at the right.1.2 Installation aligning aligning idlers idler shaft between a variety of types, such as type, four-link, vertical roll, with its principle is the use of block or roller rotation direction in the horizontal plane lateral thrust to block or produce automatically adjust the belt to belt deviation to the heart of the purpose. Generally shorter in total length of the belt conveyor belt conveyor or two-way run-time use of this method is reasonable because the short belt conveyor easier to deviation and not easy to adjust. And long belt conveyor better not use this method because the self-aligning roller group life belt use would have some impact.1.3 Adjustment with the drive pulley and drive pulley bend pulley bend pulley position adjustment is an important part of the adjustment belt deviation. Because at least one belt conveyor rollers 2-5, the installation location of all the roller must be perpendicular to the direction of the center line of belt conveyor length, if the skew is too large deviation bound to happen. The adjustment method and adjustment of a similar roller group. For the head drum, such as the right side of the belt deviation to the drum, the bearing should be the right move forward, the belt deviation to the left side of the drum, then the left side of the bearing should move forward, also the corresponding After the shift to the left or right side of the bearing housing after the shift. Rear roller adjustment method and the head drum is just the opposite. Adjustment method shown in Figure 2. Transferred to the belt after repeated adjusted until an ideal location. Drive or bend pulley to adjust the best pre-install its exact location.1.4 Adjustment of tension at the belt tension is adjusted at the adjustment of the belt conveyor deviation a very important part. Tension at the top of the two heavy hammer bend pulley belt than the length direction should be perpendicular to the outside should be perpendicular to the gravity vertical, that is to ensure that the shaft center line level. Tensioning or hydraulic cylinder with screw tension, the tension roller bearing should be accompanied by two of translation, to ensure that the vertical cylinder axis and perpendicular to the belt. Belt deviation of the specific adjustment method and the roller at a similar adjustment.1.5 blanking reproduced point position on the belt deviation of reproduced materials blanking point position on the belt deviation has a very big impact, especially in the two conveyor into the vertical projection in the horizontal plane when the greater impact. Usually the upper and lower points should be considered reproduced the relative height of the two belt machine. Relative height of the lower horizontal velocity component of the material the greater the impact on the lower side belt the greater, while the material is difficult to center. So that the material in the belt deflection on the cross section, resulting in belt deviation. If the material to the right side, the belt deviation to the left, and vice versa. In the design process should be as much as possible to increase the relative height of the two belt machine. Subject to space constraints in the bulk transport machinery moving up and down the funnel, leading trough and other parts of the form and size should be seriously considered. General guidance for the trough of the width of the belt width should be about two-thirds more appropriate. To reduce or avoid the belt deviation increase block plate blocking material, change the direction and location of the whereabouts of the material. The material in the belt is not centered on the Figure 31.6 Two-way conveyor belt deviation adjustment Yunxing way Yunxing the belt conveyor belt adjustment deviation deviation than Danxiang belt conveyor relative to the adjustment much more difficult, in terms of adjustment should be adjusted a certain direction, and then adjust the other direction. Adjustment to carefully observe the trend of the belt movement direction and the deviation of the relationship, one by one to adjust. Drive pulley and the focus should be on the adjustment of the bend pulley, followed by the adjustment of roller material and the material off point adjustment. Also note that the belt should be in curing joint cross-section length of the belt force on the uniform, the use of both sides of the guide chain traction force equal to as much as possible.2. The belt conveyor belt conveyor of Caesar Caesar feed material is a common problem, the reasons are multi-faceted. But the focus is to strengthen the routine maintenance and service.2.1. Transshipment at the point of scattering material reproduced Caesar hopper feed primarily in the fall, guided trough, etc.. If a serious overload conveyor belt, the guide trough belt conveyor rubber apron damage gauge, guide the design of the trough at the plate far away from the belt a long rubber apron so that the material out of the guide trough. You can control the delivery of the above capabilities, strengthening the maintenance be resolved.2.2. Au belt left vacant when the scattering material Au Au belt interval when the small radius of curvature will produce vacant belt, the belt into a slot at this time the situation changes, because the belt had left the trough idlers, the general groove angle smaller, so that part of the material spread out. Therefore, in the design phase should be as much as possible with a larger radius of curvature of the concave section to avoid the occurrence of such cases. If the mobile mechanical ship loader, stacker-reclaimer device to shorten the last cars to be designed here Au no arc transition interval, when the belt width of the small selection of redundant material easier to spread.2.3. Deviation Caesar when Caesar feed material when the belt deviation because the two edges of the belt height of the run-time changes, while high, while the other side of the low, low side of the material from spreading out, processing method is to adjust belt deviation.3. Abnormal noise when the machine is running belt drive, drive rollers and bend pulley and idlers will be issued without the normal abnormal noise, abnormal noise can be judged according to equipment failure.3.1. Eccentric roller serious noise when running conveyor belt rollers often abnormal noise and vibration associated with cyclical. Especially the return roller, because of its greater length, since the major noise is relatively large. Mainly due to the noise for two reasons. First, create uneven thickness seamless steel pipe idlers, the larger the centrifugal force generated. Second, when both ends of the bearing hole in the processing center and outside the large deviation of the round heart, so that centrifugal force is too large. Without damaging the bearing and allow the presence of noise can continue to use.3.2. Coupling two-axis misalignment in the drive when the noise of high-speed side between the motor and reducer coupling or coupling with a brake wheel at the issue of abnormal noise, which is also accompanied with the motor the same rotational frequency of vibration. When this noise reducer should be timely and the location of the motor to be adjusted to avoid the input shaft fracture.3.3. Bend pulley and drive pulley bend pulley abnormal noise and drive noise when the drum work is very small, abnormal noise occurs when the damage is usually bearing, bearing at the gurgling sound, this time to replace bearings.4. Reducer shaft broken off shaft gear reducer high speed shaft in. The most common is the first stage reducer used as high-speed vertical shaft bevel gear shaft. Off-axis occurs for two main reasons.4.1. Reducer high speed shaft design strength is not enough in this situation generally occurs at the shoulder, because here there is fillet, prone to fatigue damage, such as rounded corners make the reducer is too small in a short period of time off axis. After the broken shaft fracture usually flush. This occurs should be replaced or modified gear reducer design.4.2. High-speed shaft misalignment motor shaft and reducer high speed shaft misalignment when the input shaft will increase the radial load, increase shaft bending moment, the long-term operation will occur off-axis phenomenon. Installation and maintenance of its position should be carefully adjusted to ensure that the two concentric shafts. In most cases, off-axis motor shaft does not occur, because the motor shaft 45, the material is usually steel, motor shaft fairly thick, the stress concentration is better, so the motor shaft is usually not broken.4.3 pairs of motor-driven off in case of dual-motor drive shaft is a drive roller in the same gear with two and two motors. Reducer high speed shaft in the design or selection of smaller margin more likely to occur off-axis phenomenon. Do not use belt conveyor drive past fluid couplings are more prone to such cases because the two motors run at startup and speed synchronization and force equilibrium is not guaranteed. Now, most have adopted a fluid coupling occurs off-axis less the phenomenon, but the use should be careful not to coupling excessive fuel, so it has a limited role and improve the coupling torque of life.5. Belt life and a shorter life of the belt belt belt usage and related to the quality. Conveyor belt cleaner is running should ensure a reliable easy to use, the belt should be no material return. If the above can not guarantee the return will occur with the return of material on the belt into the belt drive pulley or bend pulley, the belt will be put bad materials, and will damage the roller surface of the vulcanized rubber layer. Appears on the break in the belt, reducing the life of the belt. Manufacturing belt users are more concerned about the quality of a content. After the selection of a model manufacturing quality should also be examined. National accreditation bodies have a special quality can be inspected. Conventional visual inspection can be conducted to see if there is cracking, aging, manufacturing, storage time is too long after. One of the above situation should not be purchasing. In the initial discovery of cracks in the belts tend to use a shorter time than on the damage.6. Concave radius of curvature of the section of belt conveyor6.1. Convex central section of the belt cross-section of the convex section of belt conveyor bagging often occurs in the direction of the belt in the middle section of bagging, shown in Figure 4, only the central bulge. And to make the belt discount, folded into the bend pulley, or after the interval will cause belt drive pulley the extent of damage aggravated. Bagging and the discount is mainly due to the belt cross section per unit length in the central and lateral pull on the value of difference is too large, the central part of the belt slide bagging or discount. Tension per unit length on the difference between the value of the size and radius of curvature of convex segments, roller groove angle. Groove angle the greater the convex section of the smaller radius of curvature, camber and discount the more serious. When the groove angle of the belt conveyor is greater than or equal to 40 degrees, even in the straight section of belt conveyor roller head or tail of the transition interval groove angle and discount bagging can also occur at this time should be reduced groove angle or longer transition interval length of the distance, so that the slow transition of the belt groove angle. For the convex section of belt conveyors should be possible to increase the radius of curvature and convex section of transmission capacity to meet the conditions of roller groove angle decreases.6.2. Convex section of the belt snaps into flat belt between the roller and inclined Karu Tuo roll flat roll and roll group, the situation between the oblique rollers typically occurs in mobile bulk transport machinery. Such as the ship loader, stacker-reclaimer. Location of such equipment in the cantilever beam is bent from the roots are susceptible to this phenomenon. At this time there is also equivalent to the convex section of the belt, due to size restrictions geometric position, it is difficult to achieve a satisfactory transition to the radius of curvature of the convex section of the required size, the belt is located at the root of the cantilever, if only after one or two idlers occur when the convex section of the formation of belt Karu Tuo flat roll and roll group, oblique rollers. The solution here is from a group formed by two convex roller section to four or five groups or more groups. For example, the rear of the horizontal conveyor belt arrangement, the front cantilever is bent 12 degrees, the angle is convex segment changes 12 degrees, the use of a group of five roller angle where the transition belt is bent just bend the six to 12 degree of bending once every 2 degrees. Changes will not happen again after the belt Karu Tuo flat roll and roll group, the phenomenon of oblique rollers. Change in angular position of the transition can be used at the base roller frame with four-link or other method of moving frame design.6.3. Au bounce and the wind starts partial belt conveyor belt in the startup if there is no material in the concave section of the belt will pop up at the interval, the belt will encounter strong wind blowing Shihai side, so the most Fortunately, the Au belt conveyor at the additional pressure of the belt pulley to avoid pop-up or partial wind.7. Belt slipping7.1. Hammer slipping belt tensioning belt conveyor tensioning device using the heavy hammer in the belt slip, belt conveyor can be added to solve the weight added to the belt does not slip up. But should not add too much, to avoid undue excessive belt tension and reduce the life of the belt.7.2. Helical tension or slipping belt machine hydraulic tensioning tensioning or hydraulic tensioning using spiral conveyor belt slipping, adjust the tension to increase the tension stroke. However, sometimes the journey is not enough tension, the belt appeared permanent deformation, when the truncated section of the belt can be re-vulcanized.Summary belt conveyor is a general machinery and equipment, many users have used for years, but the maintenance of conveyer belts should always be, due to space limitations just from one article to include all the content is indeed difficult, the use of belt conveyor, maintenance , maintained through the daily work experience will gradually accumulate. Hope this will help the users belt conveyor.